Clinical significance of accessory foramina in adult human mandible

Authors

  • Nisha Goyal Department of Anatomy, BPS Government Medical College for Women, Sonipat, Haryana, India http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6872-9963
  • Maneesha Sharma Department of Anatomy, Gian Sagar Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
  • Rasalika Miglani Department of Anatomy, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Government Medical College, Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, India
  • Anil Garg Department of Forensic Medicine, BPS Government Medical College for Women, Sonipat, Haryana, India http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6781-6966
  • P. K. Gupta Department of Anatomy, Gian Sagar Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20172427

Keywords:

Accessory foramina, Foramen, Mandible, Neurovascular bundle

Abstract

Background: The mandible is the strongest and largest bone of facial skeleton. It consists of one horseshoe-shaped body and a pair of rami. On external surface of body in the midline there is a faint ridge i.e. symphysis menti indicating the line of fusion of two halves of mandible during development. The aim of this study is to describe the position and incidence of accessory foramina on the inner surface of the body and rami of both sides of mandible to provide simple important reliable surgical landmarks.

Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 dried adult human mandibles. Bones which had deformities, asymmetries, external pathological changes and fractures were excluded from the present study.

Results: In 97% cases at least one accessory foramen was observed on inner surface of mandible. The accessory lingual foramen was found to be constant finding with incidence of 81%. Frequency of infraspinous or sublingual foramen was 58%, of lateral foramen was 50% and that of accessory mandibular foramen was 39%.

Conclusions: The anatomical knowledge about the common location and incidence of accessory foramina in mandible are important for surgeons and anaesthetists performing surgeries in the area around mandible. These accessory foramina transmit neurovascular bundles which provide accessory innervations to the roots of teeth.  Thus proper knowledge of accessory foramina are important in relation to achieving complete inferior alveolar nerve block and for avoiding injury to neurovascular bundle passing through them.

Author Biographies

Nisha Goyal, Department of Anatomy, BPS Government Medical College for Women, Sonipat, Haryana, India

Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy,

Maneesha Sharma, Department of Anatomy, Gian Sagar Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India

Professor, Department of Anatomy

Rasalika Miglani, Department of Anatomy, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Government Medical College, Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, India

Demostrator, Department of Anatomy,

Anil Garg, Department of Forensic Medicine, BPS Government Medical College for Women, Sonipat, Haryana, India

Department of Forensic Medicine, Associate Professor

P. K. Gupta, Department of Anatomy, Gian Sagar Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India

Depatment of Anatomy, Emeritus Professor

References

Standring S. Gray’s Anatomy. Anatomical basis of Clinical Practice. 40th ed. Elsevier Churchill Livingston. 2008:390.

Padmavathi G, Tiwari1 S, Varalakshmi KL, Roopashree R. An Anatomical Study of Mandibular and Accessory Mandibular Foramen in Dry Adult Human Mandibles of South Indian Origin. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2014;1(13):83-8.

Richard S. Snell. Clinical Anatomy By Regions. 8th ed. Lipincott Williams and Wilkins.715.

Sutton RN. The practical significance of mandibular accessory foramina. Aust Dent J. 1974;19(3):167-73.

Chapnick L. A foramen on the lingual of the mandible. J Canad Dent Asso. 1980;46(7):444-5.

Fanibunda K, Matthews JN. Relationship between accessory foramina and tumour spread in the lateral mandibular surface. J Anat. 1999;195(2):185-190.

Fanibunda K, Matthews JN. The relationship between accessory foramina and tumour spread on the medial mandibular surface. J Anat. 2000;196(1):23-9.

Haveman CW, Tebo HG. Posterior accessory foramina of the human mandible. J Prosthet Dent. 1976;35(4):462-8.

Baldissera EZ, Silveira HD. Radiographic evaluation of the relationship between the project of genial tubercles and the lingual foramen. Dentomaxillofac Surg. 2002;31(6):368-72.

Eriguchi K. Provisional communication on the importance of the holes on the lingual surface of the lower jaw body. Yokohama Med Bull 1954;5:442-5.

Kaufman E, Serman NJ, Wang PD. Bilateral mandibular accessory foramina and canals: a case report and review of the literature. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2000;29(3):170-5.

Shiller WR, Wiswell OB. Lingual foramina of the mandible. Anat Rec. 1954;119(3):387-90.

McDonnell D, Nouri MR, Todd M. The mandibular lingual foramen: a consistent arterial foramen in the middle of the mandible. J Anat. 1994;184(2):369-71.

Madeira MC, Percinoto C, das Graças M Silva M. Clinical significance of supplementary innervation of the lower incisor teeth: a dissection study of the mylohyoid nerve. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1978;46(5):608-14.

Shirai M. Contribution to the importance of the holes on the lingual surface of the lower jaw. Yokohama Med Bull. 1960;11:541-9.

Jeyaseelan N, Sharma JK. Morphological study of unnamed foramina in north Indian human mandibles and its possible role in neurovascular transmission. Int J Oral Surg. 1984;13:239-42

Freire AR, Rossi AC, Prado FB, Caria PHF, Botacin PR. Incidence of the mandibular accessory foramina in Brazilian population. J Morphol Sci. 2012;29(3):171-3.

Samanta PP, Kharb P. Morphometric analysis of mandibular foramen and incidence of accessory mandibular foramina in adult human mandibles of an Indian population. Rev. Argent. Anat. Clin.2013;5(2):60-6.

Sanchis, JM, Peñarrocha M, Soler F. Bifid mandibular canal. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;1(4):422-4.

Murlimanu BV, Prabhu LV, Prameela MD, Ashraf CM, Krishnamuthy A, Kumar CG. Accessory mandibular foramina: prevalence, embryological basis and surgical implications. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2011;5(6):1137-9.

Ten Cate AR. Oral histology: development, structure, and function. 5th ed. St. Louis, Mosby. 1998.

Lipski M, Tomaszewska IM, Lipska W, Lis GJ, Tomaszewski KA. The mandible and its foramen: anatomy, anthropology, embryology and resulting clinical implications.Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2013;72(4):285-92.

Galdames ICS, Matamala DAZ, Smith RL. Is the Conduct of Serres an Anatomical Variation in Adults?. Int J Morphol. 2009;27(1):43-7.

Figún M, Garino R. Functional and applied odontological anatomy. 2nd ed. Buenos Aires, El Ateneo. 2001.

Rouvière H, Delmas A. Human Anatomy: descriptive, topographical and functional. 11th ed. Madrid: Elsevier. 2005.

Przystańska A, Bruska M. Anatomical classification of accessory foramina in human mandibles of adults, infants, and fetuses. Ant Sci Int. 2012;87(3):141-9.

Gupta S, Soni A, Singh P. Morphological study of accessory foramina in mandible and its clinical implication. Indian J Oral Sci. 2013;4(1):12-6.

Cvetko E. Bilateral anomalous high position of the mandibular foramen: a case report. Surg Radiol Anat. 2014;36(6):613-6.

Liang X, Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Vandewalle G, Oostveldt DV, Schepers E, et al. Microanatomical and histological assessment of the content of superior genial spinal foramen and its bony canal. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2005;34(6):362-8.

Das S, Suri RK. An anatomico-radiological study of an accessory mandibular foramen on the medial mandibular surface. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2004 Nov;63(4):511-3.

Nagar M, Bhardwaj R, Prakash R. Accessory Lingual Foramen in Adult Indian Mandibles. J Anat. Soc. India. 2001;50(1):13-4.

Hofschneider U, Tepper G, Gahleitner A, Ulm C. Assesment of blood supply to the mental region for reducing of bleeding complications during implant surgery in infratemporal region. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999;14(3):379-83.

Lima FJC, Neto OBO, Barbosa FT, Dantas LCS, Olave E, Sousa-Rodrigues CF. Occurrence of the Accessory Foramina of the Mandibular Ramus in Brazilian Adults and its Relation to Important Mandibular Landmarks. Int J Morphol. 2016;34(1)330-34.

Oliever E. The Mandibular canal and nerve in adult. Ann Anat Patho Anat Norm Med Chir. 1927;4:975-87.

Chavez Lomeli ME, Mansilla Lory J, Pompa JA, Kjaer I. The human mandibular canal arises from three separate canals, innervating different tooth groups. J Dent Res. 1996;75(8):1540-4.

Claeys V, Wackens G. Bifid mandibular canal: literature review and case report. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2005;34(1):55-8.

Carter RB, KeenThe EN. The intramandibular course of the inferior alveolar nerve. J Anat. 1971;108(3):433-40.

Auluck A, Pai KM, Mupparapu M. Multiple mandibular nerve canals: radiographic observations and clinical relevance. Report of 6 cases. Quintessence Int. 2007;38(9):781-7.

Monnazzi MS, Passeri LA, Gabrielli MF, Bolini PD, de Carvalho WR, da Costa Machado H. Anatomic study of the mandibular foramen, lingula and antilingula in dry mandibles, and its statistical relationship between the true lingula and the antilingula. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;41(1):74-8.

Al-Nakib L, Ali J, Rashid SA. Rare morphologic variations of mandibular canal course: radiographic study. J baghdad Col Dent. 2011;23(4):76-80.

Juodzbalys G, Wang H, Sabalys G. Anatomy of mandibular vital structures. part i: mandibular canal and inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle in relation with dental implantology. J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2010;1(1):e2.

Downloads

Published

2017-05-27

How to Cite

Goyal, N., Sharma, M., Miglani, R., Garg, A., & Gupta, P. K. (2017). Clinical significance of accessory foramina in adult human mandible. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 5(6), 2449–2453. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20172427

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles