Pre-eclampsia and platelet indices: a cross sectional study

Authors

  • Javid Ahmed Khan Department of Medicine, GMC Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0699-2229
  • Aadil Ashraf Department of Gastroenterology, AIG Hospital, Hyderabad, India
  • Waseem Qureshi Department of Hospital Administration, GMC Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
  • Faizana Fayaz Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20223096

Keywords:

Mean platelet volume, Platelet distribution width, Plalteletcrit

Abstract

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a complex disease process originating at the maternal- fetal interface that affects multiple organ systems. The exact pathophysiology of preeclampsia is not known but it is considered to be associated with endothelial cell dysfunction, increased inflammatory responses and hypercoagulability. The receptors located on platelets are activated in pre-eclampsia by several proteases plus the vasoconstriction associated with preeclampsia leads to platelet activation which can be evaluated by platelet indices like platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and palteletcrit (PCT). The objective of this study was to compare the platelet count and platelet indices- MPV, PDW, and PCT in patients with pre-eclampsia and normotensive pregnant women.

Methods: A cross sectional study which included a total of 204 patients divided into two groups (102 pre-eclampsia and 102 control. The patients were compared for platelet count and platelet indices like MPV, PDW and PCT.

Results: The platelet count (PC) was decreased in pre-eclampsia group as compared to control group with statistically significant difference in means between the two groups (p<0.05). The MPV and PDW also showed significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05) with preeclampsia group having increased MPV and PDW values. The PCT value was lower in pre-eclampsia group as compared to control group but it did not reach statistically significant level.

Conclusions: In pre-eclampsia patients while as MPV and PDW showed increased value as compared to control group and the difference between the two had statistical significance, platelet count was lower in them and had statistical significance when compared to control group. Therefore these platelet indices and platelet count can be used to predict and prevent complications arising from preeclampsia.

References

Ronsmans C, Graham WJ, Lancet Maternal Survival Series steering group. Maternal mortality: who, when, where, and why. Lancet. 2006;368(9542):1189-200.

Villar J, Say L, Gulmezoglu AM, Marialdi M, Lindheimer MD, Betran AP, et al. Pre-Eclampsia Eclampsia: A Health Problem for 2000 Years. In: Critchly H, MacLean A, Poston L, Walker J, eds. Pre-eclampsia. London: RCOG Press; 189-207.

Abalos E, Cuesta C, Grosso AL, Chou D, Say L. Global and regional estimates of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia: a systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;170(1):1-7.

ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 202: Gestational Hypertension and Pre-eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;133(1):1.

Brown MA, Magee LA, Kenny LC, Karumanchi SA, McCarthy FP, Saito S, et al. The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: ISSHP classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for international practice. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2018;13:291-310.

Schuiling GA, Koiter TR, Faas MM. Why pre-eclampisa? Hum Reprod. 1997;12(10):2087-91.

Roberts JM, Taylor RN, Musci TJ, Rodgers GM, Hubel CA, McLaughlin MK. Pre-eclampsia: an endothelial cell disorder. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;161(5):1200-4.

Brown MA. The physiology of pre-eclampsia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1995;22(11):781-91.

Coughlin SR. Thrombin signalling and protease-activated receptors. Nature. 2000;407(6801):258-64.

Levi M, Poll T, Büller HR. Bidirectional relation between inflammation and coagulation. Circulation. 2004;109(22):2698-704.

Hou L, Howells GL, Kapas S, Macey MG. The protease-activated receptors and their cellular expression and function in blood-related cells. Br J Haematol. 1998;101(1):1-9.

Katusic ZS, Vanhoutte PM. Superoxide anion is an endothelium-derived contracting factor. Am J Physiol. 1989;257(1):H33-7.

Gryglewski RJ, Palmer RM, Moncada S. Superoxide anion is involved in the breakdown of endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor. Nature. 1986;320(6061):454-6.

Alkholyå EAM, Faragç EA, Beheryñ MA, Ibrahimå MM. The significance of platelet count, mean platelet volume and platelet width distribution in pre-eclampsia. AAMJ. 2013;11:200-14.

Sibai B, Dekker G, Kupferminc M. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet. 2005;365(9461):785-99.

Lisonkova S, Sabr Y, Mayer C, Young C, Skoll A, Joseph KS. Maternal morbidity associated with early-onset and late-onset pre-eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;124(4):771-81.

Doğan K, Guraslan H, Senturk MB, Helvacioglu C, İdil S, Ekin M. Can Platelet Count and Platelet Indices Predict the Risk and the Prognosis of Pre-eclampsia? Hypertens Pregnancy. 2015;34(4):434-42.

Freitas LG, Alpoim PN, Komatsuzaki F, Carvalho M, Dusse LM. Pre-eclampsia: are platelet count and indices useful for its prognostic? Hematology. 2013;18(6):360-4.

Karateke A, Kurt RK, Baloğlu A. Relation of platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet crit (PCT) to pre-eclampsia. Ginekol Pol. 2015;86(5):372-5.

Yang SW, Cho SH, Kwon HS, Sohn IS, Hwang HS. Significance of the platelet distribution width as a severity marker for the development of pre-eclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014;175:107-11.

Downloads

Published

2022-11-25

How to Cite

Khan, J. A., Ashraf, A., Qureshi, W., & Fayaz, F. (2022). Pre-eclampsia and platelet indices: a cross sectional study. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 10(12), 2904–2910. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20223096

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles