Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a rural population- a cross sectional study from Western Uttar Pradesh, India

Authors

  • Khwaja S. Zafar Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • Tony Pious Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • Prem S. Singh Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • Rajesh K. Gautam Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • Sudhir K. Yadav Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • Prafulla Singh Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • Himanshu Sharma Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171873

Keywords:

Cardiovascular disease, Obesity, Metabolic syndrome, Rural population

Abstract

Background: Prevalence of non-communicable diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease is on the rise due to the change in lifestyle, unfavourable dietary habits and obesity. Metabolic syndrome is a simple tool by which we can predict the future risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Studies showed that prevalence of metabolic syndrome is rising in Indian population, but majority of them were done in urban population. This study was conducted to look into the current status of the metabolic syndrome in rural population.

Methods: The study was conducted among a population of 2982. Each participant was subjected to clinical examination, anthropometric measurements and necessary laboratory investigations. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on modified NCEP: ATP III criteria.

Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 11.7% and was higher among female population (13.8%) as compared to males (9.6%). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased with increasing age. 28.3% of the participants over the age of 50 years had metabolic syndrome whereas it was only 0.4% below the age of 20 years. Nearly half (47.1%) of the obese individuals were suffering from metabolic syndrome implicating obesity as one of the most important risk factors in the etiopathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence was only 1.1% among the underweight group.

Conclusions: Present study has shown moderate prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the rural population of Western Uttar Pradesh, India with a more female predisposition.

Author Biographies

Khwaja S. Zafar, Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE

Tony Pious, Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India

JUNIOR RESIDENT, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE

Prem S. Singh, Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India

PROFESSOR AND HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE

Rajesh K. Gautam, Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India

JUNIOR RESIDENT, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE

Sudhir K. Yadav, Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India

JUNIOR RESIDENT, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE

Prafulla Singh, Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India

JUNIOR RESIDENT, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE

Himanshu Sharma, Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India

JUNIOR RESIDENT, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE

References

Kahn R, Buse J, Ferranninie E, Stern M. The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal: joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(9):2289-304.

Ford ES. Risks for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and diabetes associated with the metabolic syndrome: a summary of the evidence. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(7):1769-78.

Kotronen A, Jarvinen YH. Fatty liver: a novel component of the metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28(1):27-38.

Mendez-Sanchez N, Tapia CNC, Kuba MD, Lara SK, Ponciano-Rodriguez G, Baptista H, Uribe M. Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for gall stone disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11(11):1653-57.

Bhushan B, Misra A, Guleria R. Obstructive sleep apnoea is independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in obese Asian Indians in Northern India. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2010;8(5):431-35.

Billiet L, Doaty S, Katz JD, Velasquez MT. Review of hyperuricemia as new marker for metabolic syndrome. ISRN Rheumatol. 2014;2014:852954.

Ehrmann DA, Liljenquist DR, Kasza K, Azziz R, Legro RS, Ghazzi MN. PCOS/Troglitazone study group. Prevalence and predictors of the metabolic syndrome in females with PCOD. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(1):48-53.

Love TJ, Qureshi AA, Karlson EW, Gelfand JM, Choi HK. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in psoriasis: Results from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2003-2006. Arch Dermatol. 2011;147(4):419-24.

Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486-97.

Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes federation Task Force on Epidemiology and prevention. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009;120:1640-45.

Kahn R. Metabolic syndrome: What is the clinical usefulness? Lancet. 2008;371:1892-2008.

Glueck CJ, Fontaine RN, Wang P, Subbiah MT, Weber K, Illig E, et al. Metformin reduces weight, centripetal obesity, insulin, leptin, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in nondiabetic, morbidly obese subjects with body mass index greater than 30. Metabolism. 2001;50(7):856-61.

Stone NJ, Robinson J, Lichtenstein AH, Merz BCN, Jones LDM, Blum CB, McBride P, et al. ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(25 Pt B):2889-934.

Hasslacher C. ACE inhibitor in metabolic syndrome. Z Kardiol. 1994;83(4):21-9.

Deepa R, Shantiram CS, Premalatha G, Sastry NG, Mohan V. Prevalence of insulin resistance syndrome in a selected South Indian population- the Chennai urban population study-7(CUPS-7). Indian J Med Res.2002;115:118-27.

Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Satyavani K, Sivasankari S, Vijay V. Metabolic syndrome in urban Asian Indian adults- a population study using modified ATP III criteria. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2003;60(3):199-204.

Gupta A, Gupta R, Sarna M, Rastogi S, Gupta VP, Kothari K. Prevalence of Diabetes, impaired fasting glucose and insulin resistance syndrome in an urban indianpopulation. Diab Res Clin Pract. 2003;61:69-76.

Surana SP, Shah DB, Gala K, Susheja S, Hoskote SS, Gill N, Joshi SR. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an urban Indian diabetic population using the NCEP ATP III guidelines. JAPI.2 008;56(11).865-68.

Kamble P, Deshmukh PR, Garg N. Metabolic syndrome in adult population of rural Wardha, Central India. Indian J Med Res. 2010;132:701-5.

Pathania D, Bunger R, Mishra P, Pathak R, Arora A. A study to assess prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its sociodemographic risk factors in rural area of district Ambala, Haryana. J Comm Med Health Educ. 2013;3(5):1-4.

Singh PS, Kumar M, Pulakraj, Chauhan S. Metabolic syndrome in rural population of Western UP (India)- A prospective study. Int J Contemp Med. 2014;2(2):170-3.

Val FK, Titty WK, Owiredu WK, Frempong AMT. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components among diabetic patients in Ghana. J Biol Sci. 2008;8(6):1057-61.

Nsiah K, Shang OV, Boateng AK, Mensah FO. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2015;5(2):133-8.

Downloads

Published

2017-04-26

How to Cite

Zafar, K. S., Pious, T., Singh, P. S., Gautam, R. K., Yadav, S. K., Singh, P., & Sharma, H. (2017). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a rural population- a cross sectional study from Western Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 5(5), 2223–2228. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171873

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles