Prevalence of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy in antenatal mothers with relation to complete hemogram and high performance liquid chromatography-a hospital based study of Eastern India

Authors

  • Anadi Roy Chowdhury Department of Pathology, R. G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
  • Manas Talukdar Department of Pathology, R. G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180617

Keywords:

Antenatal mother, Beta thalassemia trait, Iron deficiency anemia, Other hemoglobinopathies

Abstract

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and Beta thalassemia (BT) are two most common causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia in our country affecting the reproductive age group. It is important to discriminate between these two entities to prevent treatment with iron of individuals with thalassemia trait as well as prevent homozygous transmission of B thalassemia trait (BTT). Aim of the study was to investigate causes of microcytic anemia in antenatal mothers and to find out the role of Cell Counter and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) so as to screen BTT and other hemoglobinopathies.

Methods: This study was done over a period of six months (May 2017 to October 2017) in the Department of Pathology in R. G. Kar Medical College. We analyzed the blood samples of all antenatal mothers attending Department of Pathology for blood tests and a complete hemogram and hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2) quantitation was done.

Results: Total cases evaluated were 2200 of which 442 patients were found to have microcytic hypochromic anemia (MCV<80%, MCH<27). Rest that is 1758 was normal. Of 442 cases of microcytic hypochromic anemia, 205 were found to have IDA, 115 BTT, 112 E trait, 1 case each of Hemoglobin E disease, E-Beta thalassemia and hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH). Hemoglobinopathies like S trait and Hemoglobin J (Hb J) was found in 4 and 3 cases respectively.

Conclusions: In India, Microcytic hypochromic anemia is common and may be due to IDA, BTT or other hemoglobinopathies Cell counter-based parameters and formulas, along with HPLC can be an effective method of thalassemia screening in a society. 

References

Sur D, Mukhopadhyay SP. Prevalence of thalassaemia trait in the state of West Bengal. J Ind Med Assoc. 2006;104(1):11-5.

Nathan DG, Orkin SH, Look AT, Ginsburg D. Nathan and Oski's Hematology of Infancy and Childhood. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders;2003.

Killip S, Bennett JM, Chambers. Iron deficiency anemia. American Family Physician. 2008;78:914.

Lau YL, Chan LC, Chan YY, Ha SY, Yeung CY, Waye JS, et al. Prevalence and genotypes of α and β thalassemia carriers in hong kong-implications for population screening. N Eng J Med. 1997;336:1298-301.

Das MK, Dey B,Roy M ET AL. High prevalence of Hb E in 3 populations of The Malda district,West Bengal ,India. Hum Hered. 1991;41:84-8.

Massey AC. Microcytic anemia. Differential diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia. Med Clin North Am. 1992;76:549-66.

Clark SF. Iron Deficiency Anemia. Nutrition in Clinical Practice. 2008;23:128-41.

Madan N, Sikka M, Sharma S, Rusia U. Frequency of coincident iron deficiency and beta-thalssemia trait. Clin Pathol. 1996;49:1021-2.

Mittal R, Marwaha N, Basu S, Mohan H, Ravikumar A. Evaluation of iron stores in blood donors by serum ferritin. Ind J Med Res. 2006;124:641-6.

Pearson HA, O Brien RT, Mcintosh S. Screening for Thalessemia trait by electronic measurement of MCV. N Engl J Med. 1973;288:351.

Kiss TL, Ali MA, Levine M, Lafferty JD. An algorithm to aid in the investigation of thalassemia trait in multicultural populations. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000;124:1320-3.

Downloads

Published

2018-02-22

How to Cite

Roy Chowdhury, A., & Talukdar, M. (2018). Prevalence of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy in antenatal mothers with relation to complete hemogram and high performance liquid chromatography-a hospital based study of Eastern India. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 6(3), 928–931. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180617

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles