Bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of otitis media among children in Qatar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20193655Keywords:
Antibiotic sensitivity, Bacterial isolates, Otitis Media, Primary Health Care Corporation, QatarAbstract
Background: Otitis Media (OM) common diseases affecting children below 5 years of age with a harmful effect on their hearing and health status. Data about the bacterial profile and current antimicrobial resistance status of Otitis Media in the region is scarce. Objective of this study determine the causative organisms of Otitis Media and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among children in a Primary Health Care Corporation (PPHC) centers, Qatar.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in PPHC from Jan 2016 to Dec 2017. A total of 181 patients with Otitis Media presented to PHCC centers were enrolled in the study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were documented and analysed.
Results: A total of 181 children, an almost equal number of male (49.7%) and female (50.3%) participants were involved in the study. 51.4% of participants were ≤5 years of age. Bacteria isolated were: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (27.6%), Hemophilus Influenza (13.3%), Staphylococcus Aureus (11.6%), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MSRA) (11.0%), Streptococcus Pyogenes (10.5%), Streptococcus Pneumonia (6.6%), Moraxella Catarrhalis (2.2%), Klebsiella Pneumonia (0.6%). The sensitivity of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa was (100%) to cotrimoxazole, vancomycin, and piperacillin, (96%) to cefepime and gentamicin, and was (88.2%) to ciprofloxacin. MRSA sensitivity was (100%) to vancomycin, rifampicin, and teicoplanin, (89%) to clindamycin.
Conclusion: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa was the most frequent isolated bacteria. An overall antimicrobial resistance pattern seen in bacteria isolates ranges from 0% to 66.7%. The antimicrobial-resistant rate was observed for Ampicillin, Augmentin, and cefuroxime whereas ciprofloxacin, cefepime, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, vancomycin, and amikacin were found effective for the isolated resistant bacteria.
References
Monastic L, Romani L, Marchetti F, Mantic M, Vecchio Buratti L, Bavaro A, et al. Burden of disease caused by otitis media: systematic review and global estimates. Plops One. 2012;7:e36226.
Rovers MM, Schilder AG, Zielhuis GA, Rosenfeld RM. Otitis media. Lancet. 2004;363(9407):465-73.
Klein JO. Otitis media. Clin Infect Dis. 1994; 19(5):823-33.
Klein JO. The burden of otitis media. Vaccine. 2000;19(1):S2-8.
Vergison A, Dagan R, Arguedas A, Bonhoeffer J, Cohen R, Dhooge I, et al. Otitis media and its consequences: beyond the earache. Lancet Infect Dis 2010;10(3):195-203.
Massa HM, Cripps AW, Lehmann D. Otitis media: viruses, bacteria, biofilms and vaccines. Med J Aust. 2009;191(S9):S44-9.
Taylor S, Marchisio P, Vergison A, Harriague J, Hausdorff WP, Haggard M. Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on otitis media: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis 2012;54:1765-73.
Cripps AW, Otczyk DC, Kyd JM. Bacterial otitis media: a vaccine preventable disease? Vaccine 2005;23(17-18):2304-10.
Paradise JL, Rockette HE, Colborn DK, Bernard BS, Smith CG, Kurs-Lasky M, et al. Otitis media in 2253 Pittsburgh-area infants: prevalence and risk factors during the first two years of life. Pediatr. 1997 Mar;99(3):318-33.
Kilpi T, Herva E, Kaijalainen T, Syrjanen R, Takala AK. Bacteriology of acute otitis media in a cohort of Finnish children followed for the first two years of life. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001 Jul;20(7):654-62.
Block SL. Causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997 Apr;16(4):449-56.
Jacobs MR, Dagan R, Appelbaum PC, Burch DJ. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens in middle ear fluid: multinational study of 917 children with acute otitis media. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Mar;42(3):589-95.
Ettehad GH, Refahi S, Nemmati A, Pirzadeh A, Daryani A. Microbial and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns from patients with chronic otitis media in Ardebil. Int J Trop Med. 2006;1(2):62-5.
Poole MD. Otitis media complications and treatment failures: implications of pneumococcal resistance. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1995 Apr;14(4):S23-6.
van Kempen MJ, Vaneechoutte M, Claeys G, Verschraegen GL, Vermeiren J, Dhooge IJ. Antibiotic susceptibility of acute otitis media pathogens in otitis prone Belgian children. Eur J Pediatr. 2004 Sep;163(9):524-9.
Sahm DF, Jones ME, Hickey ML, Diakun DR, Mani SV, Thornsberry C. Resistance surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis isolated in Asia and Europe, 1997-1998. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000 Apr;45(4):457-66.
Osazuwa F, Osazuwa E, Osime C, Igharo EA, Imade PE, Lofor P, et al. Etiologic agents of otitis media in Benin city, Nigeria. N Am J Med Sci. 2011 Feb;3(2):95-8.
Friedland IR, McCracken GH Jr. Management of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med. 1994 Aug;331(6):377-82.
Falagas ME, Mourtzoukou EG, Vardakas KZ. Sex differences in the incidence and severity of respiratory tract infections. Respir Med 2007;101(9):1845-63.
Zakzouk SM, Hajjaj MF. Epidemiology of chronic suppurative otitis media among Saudi children a comparative study of two decades. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2002;62(3):215-8.
Bin Mohanna MA, Bahannan AA. bacterial profile and antibiogram of otitis media among children in Yemen. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2016;28(3):480-3.
Al-Mazrou KA, Shibl AM, Kandeil W, Pirçon JY, Marano C. A prospective, observational, epidemiological evaluation of the etiology and antimrobial susceptibility of acute otitis media in Saudi children younger than 5 years of age. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 2014;4(3):231-8.
Heikkinen T, Chonmaitree T. Importance of Respiratory Viruses in Acute Otitis Media. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003;16(2):230-41.
McWilliams CJ, Goldman RD. Update on acute otitis media in children younger than 2 years of age. Can Fam Physician. 2011;57(11):1283-5.
Elmanama AA, Tayyem NEA, Allah SAN. The bacterial etiology of otitis media and their antibiogram among children in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Egypt J Ear Nose Throat Allied Sci. 2014;15(2):87-91.
Gül HC, Kurnaz A, Turhan V, Oncül O, Pahsa A. [Microorganisms isolated from middle ear cultures and their antibacterial susceptibility in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media]. Kulak Burun Boğaz Ihtis Derg. 2006;16(4):164-8.
Kumar H, Seth S. Bacterial and fungal study of 100 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media. J Clin Diagn Res. 2011;5(6):1224-7.
Mansoor T, Musani MA, Khalid G, Kamal M. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in chronic suppurative otitis media: sensitivity spectrum against various antibiotics in Karachi. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2009;21(2):120-3.
Orji F, Dike BO. Observations on the current bacteriological profile of chronic suppurative otitis media in South Eastern Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2015;5(2):124-8.
Al- Shara Mohammed. A Five-year Review on the Etiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility pattern of Otitis Media Pathogens in Jordanian Children. Oman Medical J. 2012;27(5):358-63.
Worku M, Bekele M. Bacterial isolate and antibacterial resistance pattern of ear infection among patients attending at Hawassa university referral Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia. Indian J Otol. 2014;20(4):155.
