Pattern of congenital heart diseases in Western Rajasthan: an echocardiographic study

Authors

  • Anil Baroopal Department of Cardiology, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
  • Rohit Mathur Department of Cardiology, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
  • Sanjeev Sanghvi Department of Cardiology, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
  • J. P. Soni Department of Pediatrics, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201330

Keywords:

Congenital heart disease, Echocardiography, Prevalence, Western Rajasthan

Abstract

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) accounts for nearly one third of all major congenital anomalies. Globally the prevalence of CHD is 1.01 to 17.5 per 1000 live births. In India it is 1.3 to 26.4 per 1000 study population. CHD is an important cause of mortality and morbidity representing a global health burden. Early diagnosis and treatment may lead to improved prognosis in patients suffering from CHD. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of CHD in Western Rajasthan, India by echocardiography.

Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out at Dr. S. N. Medical College and attached group of hospitals in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. The study period was from July 2014 to June 2017. Records of all patients undergoing transthoracic echocardiography from newborn to 25 years of age were analyzed for age, sex and CHD findings.

Results: In the study period, a total of 24,914 patients underwent echocardiography, of which 877 patients were identified as having CHD. Prevalence of CHD was 35.20 per 1000 study population. Amongst the total diagnosed CHD cases, 489 (55.76%) patients were male, with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. CHDs were diagnosed more commonly between 1 month and 1 year of age (41.28%). The commonest type of acyanotic CHD in the present study was ventricular septal defect (21.44%) and cyanotic CHD was tetralogy of Fallot (18.24%).

Conclusions: Prevalence of CHD in Western Rajasthan, India was 35.20 per 1000 study population. Profile of CHDs in the present study was similar to that in published literature.

References

Dolk H, Loane M, Garne E, a European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) Working Group. Congenital heart defects in Europe: prevalence and perinatal mortality, 2000 to 2005. Circulation. 2011 Mar 1;123(8):841-9.

Knowles RL, Ridout D, Crowe S, Bull C, Wray J, Tregay J, et al. Ethnic and socioeconomic variation in incidence of congenital heart defects. Archiv Dis Childhood. 2017 Jun 1;102(6):496-502.

Mason CA, Kirby RS, Sever LE, Langlois PH. Prevalence is the preferred measure of frequency of birth defects. Birth Defe Res Part A: Clin Mole Teratol. 2005 Oct;73(10):690-2.

van der Linde D, Konings EE, Slager MA, Witsenburg M, Helbing WA, Takkenberg JJ, et al. Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Colle Cardiol. 2011 Nov 15;58(21):2241-7.

Bassili A, Mokhtar SA, Dabous NI, Zaher SR, Mokhtar MM, Zaki A. Congenital heart disease among school children in Alexandria, Egypt: an overview on prevalence and relative frequencies. J Trop Pediatr. 2000 Dec 1;46(6):357-62.

Ujuanbi AS, Tabansi PN, Otaigbe BE. Prevalence of congenital heart diseases among primary school children in the Niger delta region of Nigeria, West Africa. Ann Pediatr Child Health. 2016;4(5):1116.

Misra M, Mittal M, Verma AM, Rai R, Chandra G, Singh DP, et al. Prevalence and pattern of congenital heart disease in school children of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Ind Heart J. 2009;61(1):58-60.

Kapoor R, Gupta S. Prevalence of congenital heart disease, Kanpur, India. Ind Pediatr. 2008 Apr 1;45(4):309-11.

Mitchell SC, Korones SB, Berendes HW. Congenital heart disease in 56,109 births incidence and natural history. Circulation. 1971;43(3):323-32.

Kisslo J. Recommendations for quality improvement in echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1995;8:S1-28.

Hoffman JI. Incidence of congenital heart disease: I. Postnatal incidence. Pediatr Cardiol. 1995 May 1;16(3):103-13.

Bolisetty S, Daftary A, Ewald D, Knight B, Wheaton G. Congenital heart defects in Central Australia. Med J A. 2004;180:614-7.

Masood N, Sharif M, Asghar RM, Quamar M, Hussain I.. Frequency of congenital heart diseases at Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi. Ann Pak Inst Med Sci. 2010;6(2):120-3.

Fixler DE, Pastor P, Chamberlin M, Sigman E, Eifler CW. Trends in congenital heart disease in Dallas County births. 1971-1984. Circulation. 1990 Jan;81(1):137-42.

Khalil S, Gharieb K, Haj ME, Khalil M, Hakiem S‎. Prevalence of congenital heart disease among school children of Sahafa Town, Sudan. Eastern Mediterran Health J. 1997;3:24-8.

Lindinger A, Schwedler G, Hense HW. Prevalence of congenital heart defects in newborns in Germany: Results of the first registration year of the PAN Study (July 2006 to June 2007). Klinis Pädiatr. 2010 Sep;222(05):321-6.

Liu X, Liu G, Wang P, Huang Y, Liu E, Li D, et al. Prevalence of congenital heart disease and its related risk indicators among 90 796 Chinese infants aged less than 6 months in Tianjin. Inter J Epidemiol. 2015 Jun 1;44(3):884-93.

Smitha R, Karath SC, Narayanappa D, Krishnamurthy B, Prashanth SN, Ramchandra NB. Prevalence of congenital heart disease in Mysore. Indian J Hum Genet. 2006;12:11-6.

Sawant SP, Amin AS, Bhat M. Prevalence, pattern and outcome of congenital heart disease in Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Hospital, Mumbai. Ind J Pediatr. 2013 Apr 1;80(4):286-91.

Bhardwaj R, Rai SK, Yadav AK, Lakhotia S, Agrawal D, Kumar A, et al. Epidemiology of congenital heart disease in India. Congenit Heart Dis 2015;10:437-46.

Shrestha NK, Padmavati S. Congenital heart disease in Delhi school children. Ind J Med Res. 1980;72:403-7.

Vashishtha VM, Kalra A, Kalra K, Jain VK. Prevalence of congenital heart disease in school children. Ind Pediatr. 1993;30:1337-40.

Thakur JS, Negi PC, Ahluwalia SK, Sharma R, Bhardwaj R. Congenital heart disease among school children in Shimla hills. Ind Heart J. 1995;47(3):232-5.

Chadha SL, Singh N, Shukla DK. Epidemiological study of congenital heart disease. Ind J Pediatr 2001;68:507-10.

Bhat NK, Dhar M, Kumar R, Patel A, Rawat A, Kalra BP. Prevalence and pattern of congenital heart disease in Uttarakhand, India. Ind J Pediatr. 2013 Apr 1;80(4):281-5.

Downloads

Published

2020-03-26

How to Cite

Baroopal, A., Mathur, R., Sanghvi, S., & Soni, J. P. (2020). Pattern of congenital heart diseases in Western Rajasthan: an echocardiographic study. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 8(4), 1385–1390. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201330

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles