Stroke in sickle cell disease: case report

Authors

  • Megha Agarwal Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
  • M. L. Yadav Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
  • R. M. Jaiswal Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
  • Pradeep Kumar Bansal Department of Medicine, JNU Hospital and Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201954

Keywords:

Neurological complications, Sickle cell disease, Stroke

Abstract

Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells. It is characterized by polymerization of haemoglobin, erythrocyte stiffening, and subsequent vaso-occlusions. These can lead to microcirculation obstructions, tissue ischemia, infarction and acute stroke. Transient ischemic attack, Ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, silent cerebral infarction, headache, Moyamoya disease, neuropathic pain, and neurocognitive impairment are neurological complications of sickle cell disease. Here we report a case of ischemic stroke in a patient of sickle cell disease. For early diagnosis and proper management of sickle cell disease neurological complications require specialised haematological and neurological expertise. The newly used medications under ongoing research will be the hope to overcome this devastating disease and its complications.

References

Potoka KP, Gladwin MT. Vasculopathy and pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease. Am J Physiol-Lung Cellu Molec Physiol. 2015 Feb 15;308(4):L314-24.

Diallo D, Tchernia G. Sickle cell disease in Africa. Curr Opini Hematol. 2002 Mar 1;9(2):111-6.

Chen T, Lathrop RP, Shevkoplyas SS. The case for rapid diagnosis of sickle cell disease: a literature review. J Global Health Perspect. 2012;2012:1-7.

Hebbel RP, Mohandas N. Sickle cell adherence. In: Embury SH, Hebbel RP, Mohandas N, Steinburg MH, eds. Sickle Cell Disease: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice. New York: Raven Press; 1994: 543-553.

Walmet PS, Eckman JR, Wick TM. Inflammatory mediators promote strong sickle cell adherence to endothelium under venular flow conditions. Am J Hematol. 2003 Aug;73(4):215-24.

Blinder MA, Russel S. Exertional sickling: questions and controversy. Hematol Rep. 2014 Nov 19;6(4).

Verduzco LA, Nathan DG. Sickle cell disease and stroke. Blood, The Journal of the Am Soc Hematol. 2009 Dec 10;114(25):5117-25.

Becker M, Axelrod DJ, Oyesanmi O, Markov DD, Kunkel EJ. Hematologic problems in psychosomatic medicine. Psychiatr Clini North Am. 2007 Dec 1;30(4):739-59.

Wierenga KJ, Serjeant BE, Serjeant GR. Cerebrovascular complications and parvovirus infection in homozygous sickle cell disease. J Pediatr. 2001 Sep 1;139(3):438-42.

Belden JR, Caplan LR, Pessin MS, Kwan E. Mechanisms and clinical features of posterior border-zone infarcts. Neurology. 1999 Oct 1;53(6):1312-.

Foley J, Gordon N. Recovery from cortical blindness. Developm Medi Child Neurol. 1985 Jun;27(3):383-7.

Winner C. New advances in the treatment of sickle cell disease: focus on perioperative significance. AANA J. 2001 Aug;69(4):281-86.

Hirst C, Williamson L. Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease. Cochrane Datab System Rev. 2001(3).

DeVeber G, Roach ES, Riela AR, Wiznitzer M. Stroke in children: recognition, treatment, and future directions. Semi Pediatr Neurol. 2000 Dec 1 (Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 309-317). WB Saunders.

Adams RJ, Ohene-Frempong K, Wang W. Sickle cell and the brain. ASH Educat Program Book. 2001 Jan;2001(1):31-46.

Fowler MG, Whitt JK, Lallinger RR, Nash KB, Atkinson SS, Wells RJ, McMILLAN CA. Neuropsychologic and academic functioning of children with sickle cell anemia. J Development Behav Pediatr: JDBP. 1988 Aug;9(4):213-20.

Ashley-Koch A, Murphy CC, Khoury MJ, Boyle CA. Contribution of sickle cell disease to the occurrence of developmental disabilities: a population-based study. Genet Medi. 2001 May;3(3):181-6.

Schatz J, Brown RT, Pascual JM, Hsu L, DeBaun MR. Poor school and cognitive functioning with silent cerebral infarcts and sickle cell disease. Neurology. 2001 Apr 24;56(8):1109-11.

Wang W, Enos L, Gallagher D, Thompson R, Guarini L, Vichinsky E, et al. Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease. Neuropsychologic performance in school-aged children with sickle cell disease: a report from the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease. J Pediatr. 2001 Sep 1;139(3):391-7.

Adams RJ. Stroke prevention and treatment in sickle cell disease. Arch Neurol. 2001 Apr 1;58(4):565-8.

Adams R, McKie V, Nichols F, Carl E, Zhang DL, McKie K, et al. The use of transcranial ultrasonography to predict stroke in sickle cell disease. New Engl J Medi. 1992 Feb 27;326(9):605-10.

Adams RJ, McKie VC, Hsu L, Files B, Vichinsky E, Pegelow C, et al. Prevention of a first stroke by transfusions in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. New Engl J Medi. 1998 Jul 2;339(1):5-11.

Downloads

Published

2020-04-27

How to Cite

Agarwal, M., Yadav, M. L., Jaiswal, R. M., & Bansal, P. K. (2020). Stroke in sickle cell disease: case report. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 8(5), 1928–1931. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201954

Issue

Section

Case Reports